OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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Which of the following is a common waste product of anaerobic respiration in humans?

Glucose
Carbon Dioxide
Lactic Acid
Ethanol

The correct answer is: Lactic Acid

Anaerobic respiration in humans primarily takes place in muscle cells during intense exercise when oxygen levels are low. Under these conditions, glucose is broken down without oxygen, resulting in the production of lactic acid as a common waste product. This process allows for a quick supply of energy, but lactic acid can accumulate and contribute to muscle fatigue. While carbon dioxide is produced during aerobic respiration, it is not typically a primary byproduct of anaerobic respiration in humans. Ethanol is a waste product of anaerobic respiration in yeast (fermentation), but it does not occur in human cells. Glucose is a reactant used in the process, not a waste product. Thus, lactic acid is indeed the correct answer, as it is the main waste product formed during anaerobic conditions in human muscles.