OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What would happen to protein synthesis if transcription did not occur?

  1. Proteins would be synthesized correctly

  2. Proteins would not be synthesized

  3. Transcription would take place in the mitochondria

  4. Amino acids would not pair with mRNA

The correct answer is: Proteins would not be synthesized

If transcription did not occur, proteins would not be synthesized. Transcription is the first step in the process of protein synthesis, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA serves as a template for translation, the subsequent step where ribosomes synthesize proteins by reading the mRNA sequence and assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain based on that sequence. Without transcription, the necessary mRNA would not be produced, leading to an absence of the instructions required for translating DNA into proteins. Therefore, the overall result would be that no proteins could be synthesized, as there would be no mRNA to guide the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

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