OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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Get ready for the OCR GCSE Biology exam with our comprehensive quiz, featuring flashcards and multiple choice questions. Understand the exam format, key topics, and effective study strategies to excel.

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What molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
DNA

The correct answer is: tRNA

The molecule responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation is transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA molecule has a specific structure that allows it to carry a specific amino acid, and it has an anticodon region that pairs with the complementary codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA) being read by the ribosome. This pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic code decoded from the mRNA. In contrast, messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the template carrying the genetic information from DNA and is responsible for specifying the order of amino acids. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key component of the ribosome itself and aids in catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids but does not transport them. DNA, on the other hand, acts as the hereditary material that contains the instructions for making proteins, but it does not participate in the translation process directly. Thus, tRNA plays the crucial role of delivering amino acids to the ribosome during the protein synthesis process.