OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the role of the cell membrane?

  1. Energy production

  2. Holding the cell together and controlling entry and exit of substances

  3. Storing waste products

  4. Manufacturing proteins

The correct answer is: Holding the cell together and controlling entry and exit of substances

The cell membrane plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of the cell, primarily by holding the cell together and regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell. This selective permeability allows the cell to maintain homeostasis, balancing the internal environment with the external conditions. The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which facilitate the transport of ions and molecules. It acts as a barrier, preventing the unrestricted passage of materials that could disrupt cellular functions. For instance, nutrients, ions, and water can enter the cell while waste products are expelled out. This regulation is vital for processes like nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and communication with other cells. While energy production, waste storage, and protein manufacturing are important cellular functions, these processes occur in different cellular compartments and structures. Thus, the cell membrane's primary function centers on its role in maintaining the integrity of the cell and controlling the transport of substances.