OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

How do fMRI scanners contribute to the study of the brain?

1. By providing genetic information about brain cells

2. By showing areas of brain activity

3. By analyzing chemical composition of the brain

4. By measuring brain temperature changes

The correct answer is: By showing areas of brain activity

fMRI scanners are a powerful tool used in neuroscience that contribute to our understanding of brain function by showing areas of brain activity. This is achieved through the detection of changes in blood flow in the brain; when a specific area of the brain is more active, it requires more oxygen, and fMRI can measure this through the varying levels of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This imaging technique allows researchers and medical professionals to visualize which parts of the brain are engaged during specific tasks, thoughts, or activities. This functionality is invaluable for mapping out brain processes, understanding neural mechanisms underlying certain behaviors or cognitive functions, and for identifying abnormal brain activity associated with various neurological disorders. In contrast, the other options focus on aspects that are not the primary function of fMRI. While genetic information, chemical composition, and temperature changes can provide insights into brain health and function, they are not the primary capabilities of fMRI technology, which specializes in measuring brain activity related to blood flow.