OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

How are ciliated cells specialised in their function?

1. Large surface area for absorption

2. Educational support for cells

3. Tiny hair-like organelles that sweep debris from the lungs

4. Ability to store nutrients

The correct answer is: Tiny hair-like organelles that sweep debris from the lungs

Ciliated cells are specialized primarily for the function of moving substances along their surface due to the presence of tiny hair-like structures called cilia. These cilia beat in a coordinated manner to sweep mucus, trapped debris, and pathogens out of the respiratory tract, which is crucial for keeping the lungs clear and maintaining healthy airways. This ability to sweep debris helps to prevent infection and ensure that the airways remain unobstructed, allowing for efficient gas exchange. In contrast, other options mention features like absorption and storage, which are not characteristic of ciliated cells. For instance, a large surface area for absorption is more relevant to cells in the intestines. The notion of providing educational support or storing nutrients does not relate to ciliated cells, as their primary role revolves around movement and clearance in respiratory systems.